Teaching English in Vietnam: Celebrating Tet - The Lunar New Year

"Chúc mừng năm mới!"

"Happy New Year" in Vietnamese and greetings on Saturday - January 25, 2020 as the Vietnamese welcome the "Year of the rat!" Known as "Tet," the Vietnamese celebration of the New Year represents the most important annual holiday in Vietnamese culture, and is a certain highlight for those teaching English in Vietnam. Through trade, geographical proximity and invasion, Vietnam, like many nations in Asia, features strong cultural influences from China, and celebrates the New Year according to the same lunar calendar. While there are some parallels between the Vietnamese celebrations of Tet and Chinese Lunar New Year, the Vietnamese version is unique and distinct in many facets.

The name "Tet" is an abbreviation of Tet Nguyen Dan, which literally means “the first morning of the first day of the new period.” Tet marks the beginning of a New Year on the lunar calendar and the beginning of the spring. In a land where agriculture has been at the heart of civilization from the very beginning, the celebration of Tet provides a perfect opportunity to celebrate the union of humanity and nature, and also of the living and the dead. 2019 is the Year of the Pig and the New Year will begin on February 5, 2019.

Tet Traditions & Celebrations

While Tet is a national holiday, various regional, religious and ethnic groups maintain their own traditions and rituals. Many Vietnamese prepare for Tet for weeks leading up to the big day by cleaning their houses, preparing special food, and returning to their ancestral villages to gather with their extended family. It is also customary to visit temples and cemeteries to pay respects to deceased loved ones and to clean their graves as a symbol of respect.

It’s also a tradition to decorate houses and pay debts in advance to start the year debt free. Parents buy new clothes for their kids in addition to stocking up on supplies and groceries for several days because all shops close during Tet, which is celebrated over a two week period.  At home, Vietnamese families will set up an altar with fruits and flowers to show respect to their ancestors.

Peach Blossoms & Kumquat Trees

During Tet it is customary for each family to procure a kumquat tree (kumquat is a citrus-like fruit). Just as ubiquitous as Christmas trees are in the West during the Christmas holidays, the kumquat tree symbolically represents the many generations of a household. The fruits are the grandparents, the flowers are the parents, and the buds and green leaves are the children.  In addition many families also display a cay neu, a bamboo pole decorated with different objects like origami, and good luck charms.

Peach blossoms are another important plant associated with Tet and are believed to ward off bad spirits. The symbolism of a peach blossoms for Tet is derived from the ancient tale of Tra and Uat Luy, two legendary deities, who once lived on a large peach tree in northern Vietnam. According to the legend, they possess the talent and power to scare off evil spirits and it is believed that they protect the villages throughout the year except when they return to heaven  to commemorate the lunar New Year.  Hence, to protect their homes during the deities’ absence, villagers throughout Vietnam display peach plants around their homes throughout the Tet season. 

Traditional Tet Foods

Like any great holiday Tet is celebrated with the preparation of special foods.  The most famous Tet dish is banh chung - rice cakes mixed with mung beans, pork and glutinous rice wrapped typically in banana leaves. Other delicacies include gio cha (Vietnamese pork sausage flavored with fish sauce), xoi (red sticky rice), and thit ga, which is a specially prepared steamed, or boiled chicken dish.

The Eve of Tet and Happy New Year!

The eve of Tet is celebrated with grand enthusiasm, excitement and anticipation for the year ahead. Vietnamese through the nation and around the world wait for the clock to strike twelve, and then ceremonies and festivities begin in full force! Bells ring, songs are sung, and prayers are chanted. Children receive gifts and a red envelope with money as a symbol of good fortune in the coming year.

Families congratulate each other saying “Happy New Year” and also “Happy Birthday” because this day is considered a universal birthday when everyone turns a year older. In the streets a virtual symphony of firecrackers, drums, gongs, dances, and parades welcomes the happiness of the Vietnamese and their beautiful way of celebrating their New Year! 

Related Articles:

• Country Profile - Teaching English in Vietnam
• Teaching English in Vietnam: 10 Highlights of Historic Hanoi
• Learn about internationally accredited TEFL certification courses in Vietnam

Q&A from ITA Alumni - Teaching English in Vietnam:

• The Many Ways I Taught English in Saigon, Vietnam - Matthew Cardoza
• A Day in the Life of an English Teaching - Da Nang, Vietnam - Jane Smith